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莊子·外篇·駢拇


  駢拇枝指,出乎性哉!而侈於德。附贅縣疣,出乎形哉!而侈於性。多方乎仁義而用之者,列於五藏哉!而非道德之正也。是故駢於足者,連無用之肉也;枝於手者,樹無用之指也;多方駢枝於五藏之情者,淫僻於仁義之行,而多方於聰明之用也。是故駢於明者,亂五色,淫文章,青黃黼黻之煌煌非乎?而離朱是已。多於聰者,亂五聲,淫六律,金石、絲竹,黃鐘、大呂之聲非乎?而師曠是已。枝於仁者,擢德塞性以收名聲,使天下簧鼓以奉不及之法非乎?而曾、史是已。駢於辯者,纍瓦結繩竄句,遊心於堅白同異之間,而敝跬譽無用之言非乎?而楊、墨是已。故此皆多駢旁枝之道,非天下之至正也。彼正正者,不失其性命之情。故合者不爲駢,而枝者不爲跂;長者不爲有餘,短者不爲不足。是故鳧脛雖短,續之則憂;鶴脛雖長,斷之則悲。故性長非所斷,性短非所續,無所去憂也。意仁義其非人情乎!彼仁人何其多憂也?且夫駢於拇者,決之則泣;枝於手者,齕之則啼。二者或有餘於數,或不足於數,其於憂一也。今世之仁人,蒿目而憂世之患;不仁之人,決性命之情而饕富貴。故意仁義其非人情乎!自三代以下者,天下何其囂囂也?

  且夫待鉤繩規矩而正者,是削其性;待繩約膠漆而固者,是侵其德也;屈折禮樂,呴俞仁義,以慰天下之心者,此失其常然也。天下有常然。常然者,曲者不以鉤,直者不以繩,圓者不以規,方者不以矩,附離不以膠漆,約束不以纆索。故天下誘然皆生,而不知其所以生;同焉皆得,而不知其所以得。故古今不二,不可虧也。則仁義又奚連連如膠漆纆索,而遊乎道德之間爲哉?使天下惑也!夫小惑易方,大惑易性。何以知其然邪?自虞氏招仁義以撓天下也,天下莫不奔命於仁義,是非以仁義易其性與?

  故嘗試論之,自三代以下者,天下莫不以物易其性矣。小人則以身殉利,士則以身殉名,大夫則以身殉家,聖人則以身殉天下。故此數子者,事業不同,名聲異號,其於傷性以身爲殉,一也。臧與穀,二人相與牧羊,而俱亡其羊。問臧奚事,則挾筴讀書;問穀奚事,則博塞以遊。二人者,事業不同,其於亡羊均也。伯夷死名於首陽之下,盜跖死利於東陵之上。二人者,所死不同,其於殘生傷性均也,奚必伯夷之是而盜跖之非乎?天下盡殉也。彼其所殉仁義也,則俗謂之君子;其所殉貨財也,則俗謂之小人。其殉一也,則有君子焉,有小人焉;若其殘生損性,則盜跖亦伯夷已,又惡取君子小人於其間哉?且夫屬其性乎仁義者,雖通如曾、史,非吾所謂臧也;屬其性於五味,雖通如俞兒,非吾所謂臧也;屬其性乎五聲,雖通如師曠,非吾所謂聰也;屬其性乎五色,雖通如離朱,非吾所謂明也。吾所謂臧者,非仁義之謂也,臧於其德而已矣;吾所謂臧者,非所謂仁義之謂也,任其性命之情而已矣;吾所謂聰者,非謂其聞彼也,自聞而已矣;吾所謂明者,非謂其見彼也,自見而已矣。夫不自見而見彼,不自得而得彼者,是得人之得而不自得其得者也,適人之適而不自適其適者也。夫適人之適而不自適其適,雖盜跖與伯夷,是同爲淫僻也。余愧乎道德,是以上不敢爲仁義之操,而下不敢爲淫僻之行也。



BURNT NORTON - III


Here is a place of disaffection
Time before and time after
In a dim light: neither daylight
Investing form with lucid stillness
Turning shadow into transient beauty
With slow rotation suggesting permanence
Nor darkness to purify the soul
Emptying the sensual with deprivation
Cleansing affection from the temporal.
Neither plenitude nor vacancy. Only a flicker
Over the strained time-ridden faces
Distracted from distraction by distraction
Filled with fancies and empty of meaning
Tumid apathy with no concentration
Men and bits of paper, whirled by the cold wind
That blows before and after time,
Wind in and out of unwholesome lungs
Time before and time after.
Eructation of unhealthy souls
Into the faded air, the torpid
Driven on the wind that sweeps the gloomy hills of London,
Hampstead and Clerkenwell, Campden and Putney,
Highgate, Primrose and Ludgate. Not here
Not here the darkness, in this twittering world.

  Descend lower, descend only
Into the world of perpetual solitude,
World not world, but that which is not world,
Internal darkness, deprivation
And destitution of all property,
Desiccation of the world of sense,
Evacuation of the world of fancy,
Inoperancy of the world of spirit;
This is the one way, and the other
Is the same, not in movement
But abstention from movement; while the world moves
In appetency, on its metalled ways
Of time past and time future.


  • 英文採用 Gill Sans MT,中文採用霞鶩文楷(基於 Klee One)。

上次修改於 2023-11-10